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Solar Power Generation Business Process

  • Step.01 Site Requirement
    Review
    • Verify the possibility of obtaining a development activity permit.
    • Check the available capacity for grid connection with Korea Electric Power Corporation (KEPCO).
    • Assess solar radiation, orientation, and environmental conditions of the proposed site.
  • Step.02 Power Generation
    Business Permit
    • Apply for a local government permit.
    • For facilities exceeding 3MW, approval from the Ministry of Trade, Industry, and Energy is required.
  • Step.03 Business
    Registration
    • Register at the local tax office (location of business site).
  • Step.04 Development
    Activity Permit
    • Local government / District or County
    • Verify with the construction/building department of the local government.
  • Step.05 Power Purchase
    Agreement(PPA) Application
    • Korea Electric Power Corporation (KEPCO)
    • Submit the PPA application and pay connection construction fees
    • Check the available grid connection capacity in the area
  • Step.06 Construction Plan
    Notification
    • Local government
    • Notify the construction plan for the power plant installation
    • For facilities larger than 10MW, approval from the Ministry of Trade, Industry, and Energy is required.
  • Step.07 Installation
    Construction
    • Installation contractor
    • Civil works, electrical works, structural works
  • Step.08 Pre-Operational
    Inspection and Check
    • Korea Electrical Safety Corporation
    • Safety inspection of the power generation facility
  • Step.09 Power Purchase
    Agreement(PPA) Signing
    • Korea Electric Power Corporation (KEPCO)
    • Sign PPA and parallel operation agreement
  • Step.10 Commencement of
    Business Notification
    • Local government
    • Notify within 30 days after the commercial operation date
  • Step.11 Verification of
    RPS-Eligible Equipment
    • Korea Energy Agency
    • Verify within 1 month after pre-operation inspection

※ Power Purchase Agreement (PPA)

The "Power Purchase Agreement" refers to an agreement where renewable energy producers sell electricity generated from renewable sources directly to Korea Electric Power Corporation (KEPCO) without using the electricity market as an intermediary.

Solar Power Revenue Structure

Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS)

  • The RPS system requires power producers (obligated entities) with a generation capacity of 500 MW or more to supply a certain percentage of their total energy generation from renewable energy sources.
  • Obligated entities* must either directly build renewable energy facilities for self-supply, purchase Renewable Energy Certificates (RECs) from the electricity spot market, or meet the obligation through direct contracts with renewable energy producers.
  • (2023 Obligated Entities include) Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power, Korea South-East Power, Korea Midland Power, Korea Western Power, Korea Southern Power, Korea East-West Power, and 25 other companies.

System Marginal Price (SMP) Revenue

  • Revenue generated from selling electricity through a power sales contract with Korea Electric Power Corporation (KEPCO) or the Korea Power Exchange (KPX).
  • Power sales revenue = Generation (kWh) × System Marginal Price (SMP)

Renewable Energy Certificate (REC)

  • The Korea Energy Agency issues a certificate verifying that electricity has been generated and supplied using renewable energy equipment. Obligated power generation companies (as of January 2024, 27 companies, including Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power) purchase Renewable Energy Certificates (RECs) from general power generators through contracts or the electricity market.
  • The REC is assigned based on the amount of renewable energy generated in MWh, multiplied by a specific weight for each type of facility.
  • Revenue from the sale of supply certificates = Quantity of RECs traded (REC) × REC sale price
  • REC = Generation (MWh) × Facility-specific weight (1 REC = 1 MWh = 1,000 kW)
Power Generation Revenue =
Power Generation Revenue (SMP)
+
Certificate Sales Revenue (REC)

Solar Power Revenue Calculation

Annual Power Generation (kWh) Installed capacity (kW) × Average daily generation time (hr/day) × 365
Annual Power Sales (SMP) Revenue Annual power generation (kWh) × Average SMP price
Annual Supply Certificate (REC) Sales Revenue Annual power generation (kWh) × REC price (KRW/kWh) × Weight factor
Annual Generation Revenue (kWh) ower sales (SMP) revenue + Supply certificate (REC) sales revenue
These formulas provide an estimate of revenue. Actual revenue may vary based on accurate data (such as average daily generation time, expected prices, etc.).

Weight Calculation for REC Issuance

Installation Type General Site Forest Land Building Floating Installation on Water Self-generation Facility
Facility Capacity Less than 100kW More than 100kW More than 3,000kW - Less than 3,000kW More than 3,000kW - -
Weight 1.2 1.0 0.7 0.7 1.5 1.0 1.5 1.0

Estimated Solar Power Revenue

Category Building (Weight 1.5) General Site (Weight 1.0)
100kW 300kW 500kW 1MW 100kW 300kW 500kW 1MW
Annual Generation (kWh) 135,589 407,765 677,942 1,355,884 135,588 407,765 677,942 1,355,884
Monthly Revenue (Thousand KRW) 2,853 8,559 14,265 28,530 2,407 7,220 12,033 24,067
Annual Revenue (Thousand KRW) 34,236 102,708 171,180 342,361 28,880 86,641 144,402 288,803
Based on average daily generation of 3.9 hours, SMP price of 138 KRW (per kWh), and REC price of 75 KRW (per kWh). Generation may vary depending on climate, solar radiation, etc.